What is aluminum alloy 2219?
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is a high-strength, age-hardenable alloy predominantly consisting of aluminum and copper, making it ideal for applications that require superior mechanical qualities and resistance to stress corrosion.
Aluminium Alloy 2219 is a wrought aluminum-copper alloy known for its high strength-to-weight ratio and durability. It is widely utilized in aerospace applications due to its ability to tolerate high temperatures and harsh conditions. Sheets, plates, bars, and extrusions are common applications for this alloy.
What are the designations and standards?
In addition to its popular name, Aluminum Alloy 2219 is designated as UNS A92219 and AlCu6Mn in several standards such as ASTM B209 and ISO 6361, which specify aluminum alloy requirements.
What is the Chemical composition of Aluminum Alloy 2219?
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is mostly made of aluminum and copper, with a few other elements added to improve its mechanical qualities. The normal chemical makeup is as follows.
| Element | Content (%) |
|---|---|
| Aluminum (Al) | 93.0 (min) |
| Copper (Cu) | 5.8 – 6.8 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.2 – 0.4 |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 0.02 – 0.3 |
| Zirconium (Zr) | 0.1 – 0.25 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.02 – 0.10 |
| Iron (Fe) | Max 0.3 |
| Silicon (Si) | Max 0.2 |
| Zinc (Zn) | Max 0.1 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.05 – 0.15 |
Properties of Aluminum Alloy 2219
Mechanical Properties
- •Tensile Strength: Ranges from 172 MPa (24.9 ksi) to 476 MPa (69.0 ksi) based on temper condition.
- •Yield Strength: it is approximately 290 MPa (42,000 psi).
- •Elongation at Break: ranges from 3% to 14%, demonstrating the alloy’s ductility.
- •Modulus of Elasticity: Approximately 73.8 GPa (10,700 ksi), which indicates stiffness.
- •Fracture Toughness: High fracture toughness prevents crack growth.
Physical Properties
- •Density: Approximately 2.84 g/cm³ (0.103 lb/in³).
- •Melting Point: Ranges from 543°C to 643°C (1010°F to 1190°F).
- •Thermal Conductivity: Between 116 W/m·K and 170 W/m·K, which is important for applications involving heat dissipation.
- •Specific Heat Capacity: Approximately 864 J/kg·K, indicating its ability to absorb heat.
Thermal Properties
- •Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: About 22.3 μm/m⋅°C.At room temperature, 22.3*μm*/*m*⋅°*C* increases to 24.1 μm/m⋅°C.24.1*μm*/*m*⋅°*C* at high temperatures (about 250°C).
- •Thermal Conductivity: Ranges from 120 W/m⋅K120*W*/*m*⋅*K*, ideal for thermal control in aerospace applications.
Corrosion Resistance
While Aluminum Alloy 2219 has strong resistance to stress corrosion cracking in the T8 temper, its copper concentration makes it less corrosion resistant than other aluminum alloys. To increase its corrosion resistance.
- •It can be clad in pure metal or treated with protective coatings.
Weldability and Machinability
- •Aluminum Alloy 2219 is easily weldable; nevertheless, welding can reduce its corrosion resistance. To restore its mechanical qualities, it must be subjected to adequate heat treatment after welding.
- •It has good machinability in the annealed state, allowing for efficient shaping and forming procedures.
Temperature Range
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is useful over a wide temperature range:
- •Effective from as low as -452°F (-269°C) up to about 600°F (316°C), making it suitable for extreme environments found in aerospace applications.
What are the Tempers of Aluminum Alloy 2219?
Aluminum 2219 is typically heat-treated to achieve its desired properties. The temper designations help define the exact processing it has undergone, affecting its mechanical properties.
- •**T87:**The alloy is heat-treated to enhance its mechanical properties and then cold worked to increase strength. This temper offers a balance between strength and ductility.
- •T851: This temper is similar to T6 but includes more stress-relieving techniques. The stress-relief technique, which includes mechanical stretching, aids in the reduction of internal tensions and improvement of dimensional stability.
- •T6: The T6 temper gives the greatest strength achievable through heat treatment. The material is first solution heat-treated to dissolve soluble components, and then aged to precipitate phases that increase strength.
- •T3: It is similar to T6, but with less artificial aging. The alloy is solution heat-treated and then left to mature naturally. This yields lesser strength than T6, but higher ductility and toughness.
- •T4: The T4 temper is slightly stronger than T3, yet it is still more ductile. This temper allows for moderate strength and increased workability.
- •O: The O temper signifies that the alloy has been fully annealed to its softest state, making it easier to work with, but with much lower strength than the other tempers.
What are the applications of aluminum alloy 2219?
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is well-known for its high strength, outstanding welding properties, and resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These qualities make it ideal for a wide range of demanding applications across several sectors. The following is a detailed summary of Aluminum Alloy 2219’s key applications.
Aerospace Industry
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is mostly used in the aerospace industry. The alloy’s ability to tolerate high temperatures as well as its lightweight nature make it excellent for numerous aerospace components, including:
- Fuel Tanks
- Rocket Motor Cases
- Structural Components
- Spacecraft Components
Marine Applications
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is used in the marine industry for its high-stress and corrosion-resistant properties.
- •Boat Hulls
- •Ship Structures
Transportation Industry
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is used in a variety of vehicle components in the transportation industry.
- •Aircraft Components
- •Rail Cars and Trailers
Welded Structures
Aluminum Alloy 2219’s exceptional weldability makes it suitable for fabricating welded structures.
- •Pressure Vessels
- •Bridges and Piping
Sports and Leisure Equipment
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is lightweight and resilient, making it ideal for a variety of sports and recreational applications.
- •Bicycle Frames
- •Camping Equipment
What are the advantages of using aluminum alloy 2219?
High Strength
With tensile strength of up to 455 MPa (66,000 psi) in certain tempers, Aluminum Alloy 2219 is renowned for its high strength. This qualifies for uses needing materials to resist major loads and pressures without failure.
Excellent Fracture Toughness
With excellent fracture toughness the alloy can absorb energy and stop the spread of cracks. For parts under dynamic loads, this quality is very vital for dependability and safety in important uses.
Good Machinability
Aluminum Alloy 2219 is easily machinable, allowing for the efficient manufacturing of complicated forms and components. This simplicity of machining makes the manufacturing process easier, allowing for the complicated designs necessary in high-performance applications.
Weldability
This alloy has good weldability, especially in the T8 temper condition, allowing for easy joining with other materials. Various welding processes can be used without adversely affecting the mechanical qualities.
Resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking
Aluminum Alloy 2219 in the T8 temper has high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, making it ideal for aerospace components in severe environments.
Wide Temperature Range Performance
The alloy maintains mechanical properties across a wide temperature range of -452°F (-269°C) to 600°F (316°C). This thermal stability makes it appropriate for applications that are subjected to extreme temperature swings.
Corrosion Resistance
While Aluminum Alloy 2219 is naturally corrosion-resistant due to its aluminum component, it can be strengthened through cladding or protective coatings, making it appropriate for usage in marine conditions where saltwater is frequently present.
Conclusion
Aluminum Alloy 2219 distinguishes out as a high-performance alloy with remarkable strength and durability. Its various tempers and wide range of uses make it ideal for the aerospace, automotive, and marine industries. Understanding its qualities will enable engineers to properly use this alloy in their projects.
