{"id":24768,"date":"2024-05-10T09:15:22","date_gmt":"2024-05-10T17:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/iso-2768-prirucka-k-tolerancnym-normam-pre-cnc-obrabanie\/"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:49:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:49:18","slug":"iso-2768-prirucka-k-tolerancnym-normam-pre-cnc-obrabanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/sk\/iso-2768-prirucka-k-tolerancnym-normam-pre-cnc-obrabanie\/","title":{"rendered":"ISO 2768: Pr\u00edru\u010dka k toleran\u010dn\u00fdm norm\u00e1m pre CNC obr\u00e1banie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u010co je norma ISO 2768?<\/h2>\n
\n
\"iso
iso 2768-mk<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n

Norma ISO 2768 je tandardiz\u00e1cia vydan\u00e1 medzin\u00e1rodnou organiz\u00e1ciou (ISO) na zabezpe\u010denie kvality.<\/strong> Stanovuje usporiadanie toleranci\u00ed na technick\u00fdch v\u00fdkresoch. Naz\u00fdva sa drsnos\u0165 povrchu. vz\u0165ahuje sa najm\u00e4 na obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 diely a odobrat\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Norma ISO 2768 sa uplat\u0148uje tam, kde v\u00fdkresy neuv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u017eiadne konkr\u00e9tne tolerancie. Vz\u0165ahuje sa na obr\u00e1ban\u00e9 aj lisovan\u00e9 diely.<\/p>\n\n

Norma m\u00e1 dve \u010dasti. ISO 2768-1 je ur\u010den\u00e1 pre d\u00e1tov\u00e9 zariadenia na pou\u017eitie vo verejnej d\u00e1tovej synchroniz\u00e1cii. ISO 2768-2 je rozhranie pre inform\u00e1cie o riaden\u00ed. ISO 2768-1 stanovuje v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie pre rozmery a uhly s\u00fa\u010diastok. M\u00e1 \u0161tyri \u00farovne: hodv\u00e1b (s), bavlna (c), stredne chlpat\u00fd (m) a imbrikulovan\u00fd (i). Norma ISO 2768-2 sa vz\u0165ahuje na geometrick\u00e9 tolerancie prvkov. S\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 do troch tried toleranci\u00ed: Napr\u00edklad ISO\/2768-mK ozna\u010duje komponent, ktor\u00fd mus\u00ed sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 tieto po\u017eiadavky. To sa t\u00fdka „stredn\u00fdch“ toleranci\u00ed z prvej \u010dasti a triedy „K“ z druhej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n\n

Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m udr\u017eiava\u0165 technick\u00e9 v\u00fdkresy \u013eahko zdie\u013eate\u013en\u00e9 a zrozumite\u013en\u00e9. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m zdie\u013ea\u0165 a pochopi\u0165 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 procesy na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni. To vedie k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej spolupr\u00e1ci a lep\u0161ej kontrole.<\/p>\n\n

ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 2: Geometrick\u00e9 tolerancie pre prvky<\/h2>\n\n

Norma ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 1 sa zameriava na stanovenie v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch toleranci\u00ed pre line\u00e1rne a uhlov\u00e9 rozmery, ako aj vonkaj\u0161ie polomery a v\u00fd\u0161ky skosenia. T\u00e1to \u010das\u0165 normy m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pre zabezpe\u010denie jednotnosti mechanick\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010diastok, pri ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa presn\u00e9 rozmery k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 1: Tolerancie pre line\u00e1rne rozmery<\/h3>\n\n

Norma ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 1 rozde\u013euje tolerancie do \u0161tyroch tried na z\u00e1klade po\u017eiadaviek na presnos\u0165: jemn\u00e9 (f), stredn\u00e9 (m), hrub\u00e9 (c) a ve\u013emi hrub\u00e9 (v). Tieto klasifik\u00e1cie pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri stanovovan\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch limitov pre r\u00f4zne v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 procesy a s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre diely vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9 obr\u00e1ban\u00edm alebo v\u00fdrobou plechov.<\/p>\n\n

Nomin\u00e1lna d\u013a\u017eka prvku (mm)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Pokuta (f)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Stredn\u00e1 (m)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Hrub\u00e9 (c)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Ve\u013emi hrub\u00e9 (v)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
0,5 a\u017e 3<\/td>\u00b10.05<\/td>\u00b10.1<\/td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\u2013<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 3 a\u017e 6<\/td>\u00b10.05<\/td>\u00b10.1<\/td>\u00b10.3<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td><\/tr>
nad 6 do 30<\/td>\u00b10.1<\/td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td>\u00b11.0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 30 a\u017e 120<\/td>\u00b10.15<\/td>\u00b10.3<\/td>\u00b10.8<\/td>\u00b11.5<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 120 a\u017e 400<\/td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td>\u00b11.2<\/td>\u00b12.5<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 400 a\u017e 1000<\/td>\u00b10.3<\/td>\u00b10.8<\/td>\u00b12.0<\/td>\u00b14.0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 1000 a\u017e 2000<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td>\u00b11.2<\/td>\u00b13.0<\/td>\u00b16.0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 2000 a\u017e 4000<\/td>\u2013<\/td>\u00b12.0<\/td>\u00b14.0<\/td>\u00b18.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

V pr\u00edpade rozmerov men\u0161\u00edch ako 0,5 mm je potrebn\u00e9 na technick\u00fdch v\u00fdkresoch uvies\u0165 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 odch\u00fdlky priamo pri pr\u00edslu\u0161nom menovitom rozmere.<\/p>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 2: Tolerancie pre uhlov\u00e9 rozmery<\/h3>\n\n

Uhlov\u00e9 rozmery tie\u017e podliehaj\u00fa toleranci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face pre zabezpe\u010denie uhlovej presnosti vyroben\u00fdch dielov. Tieto tolerancie sa ud\u00e1vaj\u00fa v stup\u0148och a min\u00fatach a odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa uhlov\u00fa presnos\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00fa v r\u00f4znych aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Nomin\u00e1lny rozmerov\u00fd rozsah (najkrat\u0161ia strana v mm)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Pokuta (f)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Stredn\u00e1 (m)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Hrub\u00e9 (c)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Ve\u013emi hrub\u00e9 (v)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
do 10<\/td>\u00b11\u00b0<\/td>\u00b11\u00b0<\/td>\u00b11\u00b030\u2032<\/td>\u00b13\u00b0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 10 a\u017e 50<\/td>\u00b10\u00b030\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b030\u2032<\/td>\u00b11\u00b0<\/td>\u00b12\u00b0<\/td><\/tr>
nad 50 do 120<\/td>\u00b10\u00b020\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b020\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b030\u2032<\/td>\u00b11\u00b0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 120 a\u017e 400<\/td>\u00b10\u00b010\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b010\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b015\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b030\u2032<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 400<\/td>\u00b10\u00b05\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b05\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b010\u2032<\/td>\u00b10\u00b020\u2032<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie vonkaj\u0161\u00edch polomerov a v\u00fd\u0161ok skosenia<\/h3>\n\n

Pre vonkaj\u0161ie polomery a skosenia stanovuje norma ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 1 aj v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie. Tie s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face pre prvky, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa mont\u00e1\u017e a estetick\u00e9 aspekty dielov.<\/p>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 3: Tolerancie vonkaj\u0161\u00edch polomerov a v\u00fd\u0161ok skosenia<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
Nomin\u00e1lna d\u013a\u017eka prvku (mm)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Pokuta (f)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Stredn\u00e1 (m)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Hrub\u00e9 (c)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Ve\u013emi hrub\u00e9 (v)<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
0,5 a\u017e 3<\/td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\u00b10.4<\/td>\u00b10.4<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 3 a\u017e 6<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td>\u00b10.5<\/td>\u00b11.0<\/td>\u00b11.0<\/td><\/tr>
viac ako 6<\/td>\u00b11.0<\/td>\u00b11.0<\/td>\u00b12.0<\/td>\u00b12.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Uplatnenie a v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n\n

Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pre odvetvia, ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa presn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Patria medzi ne v\u00fdrobcovia v leteckom, automobilovom a zdravotn\u00edckom priemysle. Poskytuje spolo\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tandard, na ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017eu odvol\u00e1va\u0165 kon\u0161trukt\u00e9ri a dizajn\u00e9ri. V s\u00falade s t\u00fdm je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dielov kompatibiln\u00e1, ke\u010f\u017ee ve\u013ekosti komponentov sa a\u017e tak ve\u013emi nel\u00ed\u0161ia.<\/p>\n\n

Norma sa zav\u00e1dza s cie\u013eom zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 proces navrhovania. Dosahuje to odrezan\u00edm nepotrebn\u00fdch vodi\u010dov. T\u00e1to zmena tie\u017e u\u013eah\u010duje f\u00e1zu kontroly kon\u0161trukcie. Anal\u00fdzou spr\u00e1vnej toleran\u010dnej triedy sa v\u00fdrobcovia m\u00f4\u017eu sna\u017ei\u0165 o zefekt\u00edvnenie svojich v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. M\u00f4\u017eu si tie\u017e udr\u017ea\u0165 kontrolu nad v\u00fdrobn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi a zachova\u0165 kvalitu v\u00fdrobkov.<\/p>\n\n

ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 2: Geometrick\u00e9 tolerancie pre prvky<\/h2>\n\n

Norma ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 2 je navrhnut\u00e1 tak, aby vytvorila r\u00e1mec pre geometrick\u00e9 tolerancie vo v\u00fdrobe a poskytla zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd pr\u00edstup k \u0161pecifik\u00e1cii pr\u00edpustn\u00fdch odch\u00fdlok pre prvky bez individu\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov o toleranci\u00e1ch na kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdkresoch.<\/p>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 4: V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie pre priamos\u0165 a rovinnos\u0165<\/h3>\n\n

V tejto tabu\u013eke s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 odch\u00fdlky pre priamos\u0165 a rovinnos\u0165 na z\u00e1klade menovit\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok v milimetroch. Tieto tolerancie zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa rovnos\u0165 a rovnos\u0165 povrchov v stanovenom rozsahu, \u010do je rozhoduj\u00face pre zachovanie \u0161truktur\u00e1lnej integrity a funkcie.<\/p>\n\n

Rozsahy menovit\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok v mm<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie H<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie K<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie L<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
A\u017e 10<\/td>0.02<\/td>0.05<\/td>0.1<\/td><\/tr>
10 a\u017e 30<\/td>0.05<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.2<\/td><\/tr>
30 a\u017e 100<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.2<\/td>0.4<\/td><\/tr>
100 a\u017e 300<\/td>0.2<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.8<\/td><\/tr>
300 a\u017e 1000<\/td>0.3<\/td>0.6<\/td>1.2<\/td><\/tr>
1000 a\u017e 3000<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.8<\/td>1.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 5: V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie kolmosti<\/h3>\n\n

Tieto tolerancie reguluj\u00fa kolmos\u0165 medzi prvkami, \u010d\u00edm sa zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee komponenty zachov\u00e1vaj\u00fa presn\u00e9 uhlov\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face pre mont\u00e1\u017e a funkciu.<\/p>\n\n

Rozsahy menovit\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok v mm<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie H<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie K<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie L<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
A\u017e 100<\/td>0.2<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.6<\/td><\/tr>
100 a\u017e 300<\/td>0.3<\/td>0.6<\/td>1.0<\/td><\/tr>
300 a\u017e 1000<\/td>0.4<\/td>0.8<\/td>1.5<\/td><\/tr>
1000 a\u017e 3000<\/td>0.5<\/td>1.0<\/td>2.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 6: V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie symetrie<\/h3>\n\n

Tolerancie symetrie zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee dva prvky na s\u00fa\u010diastke s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 v z\u00e1kladnej rovine, \u010do u\u013eah\u010duje spr\u00e1vne zarovnanie a funkciu pri mont\u00e1\u017ei s\u00fa\u010diastok.<\/p>\n\n

Rozsahy menovit\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok v mm<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie H<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie K<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie L<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
A\u017e 100<\/td>0.5<\/td>0.6<\/td>0.6<\/td><\/tr>
100 a\u017e 300<\/td>0.5<\/td>0.6<\/td>1.0<\/td><\/tr>
300 a\u017e 1000<\/td>0.5<\/td>0.8<\/td>1.5<\/td><\/tr>
1000 a\u017e 3000<\/td>0.5<\/td>1.0<\/td>2.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Tabu\u013eka 7: V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 tolerancie kruhov\u00e9ho v\u00fdbehu<\/h3>\n\n

Tolerancie kruhovej h\u013abky s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre komponenty, ktor\u00e9 si musia zachova\u0165 presn\u00fa rota\u010dn\u00fa symetriu, aby spr\u00e1vne fungovali, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u017euj\u00fa vibr\u00e1cie a opotrebovanie po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n\n

Rozsahy menovit\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok v mm<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie H<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie K<\/strong><\/strong><\/td>Trieda tolerancie L<\/strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
V\u0161eobecn\u00e9<\/td>0.1<\/td>0.2<\/td>0.5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Uplatnenie a v\u00fdznam<\/h3>\n\n

Norma ISO 2768 \u010das\u0165 2 sa uk\u00e1zala ako rozhoduj\u00faca pre odvetvia s geometrickou presnos\u0165ou, ako je leteck\u00fd a kozmick\u00fd priemysel, automobilov\u00fd priemysel a priemyseln\u00fd tovar, kde s\u00fa inteligentne vyroben\u00e9 komponenty ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavenie v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch toleranci\u00ed, \u010do zabezpe\u010duje, aby diely do seba zapadali a spr\u00e1vne sa zap\u00ednali. T\u00e1to \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cia \u00farovne geometrickej tolerancie nesporne funguje lep\u0161ie ako v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy v hromadn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Pom\u00e1ha to zabezpe\u010di\u0165 lep\u0161iu efekt\u00edvnos\u0165, eliminova\u0165 chyby a kontrolova\u0165 kvalitu.<\/p>\n\n

Pre ktor\u00e9 odvetvia je norma ISO 2768 relevantn\u00e1?<\/h2>\n
\n
\"metrické
metrick\u00e9 toleran\u010dn\u00e9 normy<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n

ISO 2762 je celosvetov\u00e1 norma pre v\u0161etky priemyseln\u00e9 odvetvia. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa na celosvetov\u00fa v\u00fdrobu presn\u00e9ho a konzistentn\u00e9ho tovaru a slu\u017eieb. V mnoh\u00fdch odvetviach je to ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd faktor, ktor\u00fd zvy\u0161uje kvalitu v\u00fdroby a konzistentnos\u0165 rozmerov. Medzi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 odvetvia patria napr:<\/p>\n\n