{"id":11117,"date":"2024-12-14T08:04:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T16:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper\/"},"modified":"2024-12-14T08:24:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T16:24:25","slug":"how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/el\/how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hC6f-1734191357911\"><strong>\u03a4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-fd3d775c-8c32-4560-b24a-70b937865c9a\">\u0397 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\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>:\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03a4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (ISO), \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9d21d115-ead6-4ac4-b9a9-61eaa5a6201c\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-559e9e8c-ae44-4b17-9d01-178bd9b631e9\"><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-0c99f226-840e-44fc-ae22-4906b88400b0\">\u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd ASTM E10 (Brinell), ASTM E384 (Vickers) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 ASTM E18 (Rockwell).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-252a6615-65f5-470b-aa91-9a386fe325ba\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Brinell<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-954a06c5-bda7-4aa4-af1f-2a3ff2716dde\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Brinell-Hardness-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Brinell Hardness Test\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-2ddbe3ae-8400-470f-a5bb-795ebdad4f6a\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Brinell \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Brinell (BHN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-6a04bd91-88d5-4b25-a124-daf679198322\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-eded4543-655f-43f3-a8c5-46f4b827b1c7\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Brinell, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-bd54de12-175d-435d-b34d-ec58aa1615c7\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-c90ff707-0563-4a05-971a-dad55ced95fd\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0391\u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7a4c5570-c3cc-4b9e-beaa-53e2433b3f50\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-13f9c523-dc41-489d-b758-90df6a81e04c\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039b\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 Vickers).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-446ae9de-aa8f-439c-a807-806966773a02\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 <strong>\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-df40ee30-54ea-40c3-b9f6-e86ec469dd02\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Vickers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-9562eb85-dab6-47a8-88d1-fe725fc5dbe5\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Vickers-Hardness-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Vickers Hardness Test\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-22800be5-26b3-414c-a997-e06e71f601ee\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Vickers \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-1a2878e7-eea0-4359-a66e-6795b6d814de\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-dd81e4ac-4968-44ed-8e74-cd295601179a\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039f \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Vickers (VHN) \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-298ebd78-7839-4a67-9109-ac12303e0b8f\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-8c31f2e6-f4b5-4268-b8c6-3bf0abbd8374\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-22ad6877-099c-4ab0-8d8b-452d3ad36fb8\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-3f62b035-2fbb-4954-bc16-a49edd65c89b\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03af.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-fdee0251-3681-4fc6-a0c8-b4e8393919bf\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Vickers \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-f949a3d4-a7df-4db2-a296-cdd460bc73b5\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Rockwell<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-adc5c23f-5f13-4fe5-a7f3-6fc2572d107e\">\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Rockwell \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf. \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 Rockwell, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 Rockwell B (HRB) \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf ASTM E18 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9b490fc2-57d9-41f4-9216-110f277e8692\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-cee483d8-cec7-45c0-ae48-8c5ccb3083fc\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b2\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03ad\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Rockwell (HRB).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-33ca1948-465e-4c3d-a1b8-a0f802f8310b\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-fd50c59f-fc98-4f94-8d84-e0e8da9c53a8\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0393\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-4c13700e-bc04-438b-959a-600df75718a5\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-6d5c944c-f3b2-4f56-905c-f3d7656c357f\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vickers \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 Rockwell B \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-bb80a698-b2b8-4182-a9df-ffc6f7bb997b\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-a65b7b7d-0cc0-4460-b6b7-77db15bda2bd\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Knoop<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-09db3a12-34aa-4d00-b67f-502e7b8a841e\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Knoop, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae Knoop \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac, \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-a0577102-56bc-4537-8cc5-d82eaf9c1277\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-38300383-5294-4bd3-8c29-e9f410da4b1a\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u039f \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Knoop (KHN) \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-3fc5eead-2cd2-4260-b2a5-bdf42418907c\"><strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-d39bfe9b-e2e4-4995-9f8a-ed9924586f54\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0395\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0399\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-bed87287-5ce8-45fd-b84d-7d6853e546a6\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-e4f8a5ac-2275-4e29-8d86-f80990bba074\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af: \u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-1670c4b3-aadf-47e9-b219-70832829e32e\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-0780f24d-ce39-42ec-8209-46872f032095\"><strong>\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 (\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf);<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-9e5aca00-d95d-4842-b9cb-b2eccb97f5fa\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-c58c5dc5-7bf0-4945-8cb4-d57b558f5246\"><strong>\u0394\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ae \u03be\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-f7d8f777-d97e-419b-8e51-23d2925e90c8\">\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af. \u03a4\u03bf \u03be\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ab251118-886c-4544-b66e-5745aaf2e53b\"><strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-ca5366ea-e978-42f8-88d3-c911398bb298\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc (\u03c0.\u03c7. \u03b1\u03c4\u03c3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03be\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b7 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac, \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-b64b8a6b-e127-4945-8703-8293b50e19ef\"><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7406d591-96f7-4ef1-9481-2ef888d86126\">\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u0391\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-7a8e6b2e-4871-4825-83b1-13d53c9dfb0d\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Brinell (BHN)<\/strong>: <strong>BHN<\/strong>: \u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd <strong>35 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 70 BHN<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 Vickers (VHN)<\/strong>: <strong>VHN<\/strong>: \u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd <strong>30 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 70 VHN<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 Rockwell B (HRB)<\/strong>: \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd <strong>40 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 60 HRB<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-319ae081-394b-4c38-a39e-e68fead435b9\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-1e6d4a27-29fc-47f0-975f-780f400a54a8\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u039a\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd<\/strong>: \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bf \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u03a6\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0393\u03b9&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-465888eb-37e1-4b1a-bd5e-3985e41df099\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-d6cdfd51-1e88-41d1-84fd-4fb176cb363f\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>: \u0392\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf. \u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 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