{"id":11110,"date":"2024-12-14T08:04:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T16:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper\/"},"modified":"2024-12-14T08:20:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T16:20:31","slug":"how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/cs\/how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak otestovat tvrdost m\u011bdi?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hC6f-1734191357911\"><strong>Co je tvrdost m\u011bdi?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-610706ca-bf8a-45c0-bc36-6ea98b54521d\">Tvrdost je schopnost materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat deformaci, po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vtla\u010den\u00ed p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed s\u00edly. Tvrdost je u kov\u016f, jako je m\u011b\u010f, d\u016fle\u017eitou vlastnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee ur\u010duje, jak dob\u0159e materi\u00e1l odol\u00e1v\u00e1 opot\u0159eben\u00ed, tlaku a dal\u0161\u00edm vliv\u016fm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<br><br>M\u011b\u010f je ze sv\u00e9 podstaty m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 kovy, nap\u0159\u00edklad ocel. Jej\u00ed tvrdost se v\u0161ak zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na jej\u00edm slo\u017een\u00ed (\u010dist\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f vs. slitiny, jako je bronz nebo mosaz) a na technik\u00e1ch zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. \u017e\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed za studena).<br><br>Testov\u00e1n\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee zaru\u010duje, \u017ee materi\u00e1l bude v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch aplikac\u00edch fungovat podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed zp\u016fsobu hodnocen\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobn\u00ed, stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9 a kutilsk\u00e9 projekty, proto\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee materi\u00e1l spl\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e1216d8b-8990-441c-9ade-9209d293efc1\"><strong>Pro\u010d je testov\u00e1n\u00ed tvrdosti pro m\u011b\u010f d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-74ef1a00-2853-47b2-9777-9befcdd5e355\">Zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti m\u011bdi slou\u017e\u00ed k mnoha \u00fa\u010del\u016fm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-8a84a9df-2786-498e-b568-e0bc1fc9c222\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trvanlivost<\/strong>: Tvrdost m\u011bdi m\u00e1 vliv na to, jak dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed fyzickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, tak\u017ee je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, zejm\u00e9na v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kujnost vs. pevnost<\/strong>: Zat\u00edmco m\u011b\u010f je \u010dasto kujn\u00e1, jej\u00ed tvrdost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt siln\u00fdm ukazatelem jej\u00ed pevnosti, co\u017e je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fakol.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kontrola kvality<\/strong>:Zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, aby se zaru\u010dilo, \u017ee vyroben\u00e1 m\u011b\u010f je stejnorod\u00e1 a spl\u0148uje pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky. Podle Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pro normalizaci (ISO) je udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b tvrdosti u slitin m\u011bdi rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro kvalitu a \u017eivotnost materi\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-5704be92-d8aa-40a2-bd9a-befb7f880218\">V\u00fdrobci a technici mohou ov\u011b\u0159it, zda je m\u011b\u010f p\u0159ijateln\u00e1 pro zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e jde o elektroinstalace, vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed nebo specializovan\u00e9 slitiny, t\u00edm, \u017ee pochop\u00ed, jak posoudit jej\u00ed tvrdost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-3f2922dd-8da7-42dd-b5d0-cccb9c4813e1\"><strong>Metody zkou\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-b3687e12-0925-4069-9a9a-b965e5d42f23\">Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody zkou\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a vyu\u017eit\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metody zkou\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v metalurgii a materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00e1ch. Tyto postupy vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z celosv\u011btov\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch norem v\u010detn\u011b ASTM E10 (Brinell), ASTM E384 (Vickers) a ASTM E18 (Rockwell).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-3369ca06-7761-41fb-bdb1-5b7779bfe8a9\"><strong>Zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti podle Brinella<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-b8cfc215-f652-4352-b67b-614b10bc057c\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Brinell-Hardness-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Brinell Hardness Test\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-fb32b649-95c7-4382-b7fe-79817d3bc71d\">Zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti podle Brinella je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch postup\u016f pro stanoven\u00ed tvrdosti materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je m\u011b\u010f, zejm\u00e9na pokud je povrch drsn\u00fd nebo nerovn\u00fd. Tato zkou\u0161ka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v zatla\u010den\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 ocelov\u00e9 nebo karbidov\u00e9 kuli\u010dky o ur\u010dit\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru do materi\u00e1lu za sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Pr\u016fm\u011br vtisku, kter\u00fd v materi\u00e1lu z\u016fstane, se pot\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a ur\u010d\u00ed se \u010d\u00edslo tvrdosti podle Brinella (BHN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-5f0d1497-20f4-4de5-88e2-8123600b913d\"><strong>Jak to funguje u m\u011bdi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-431674fe-2bb3-4dc2-b1ab-e48b69ca57c5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kulov\u00fd indentor, \u010dasto vyroben\u00fd z oceli nebo karbidu, se zatla\u010d\u00ed do povrchu m\u011bdi ur\u010ditou silou.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b se indentor vyt\u00e1hne a zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed se pr\u016fm\u011br vtisku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00fdsledek se pou\u017eije k ur\u010den\u00ed Brinellova \u010d\u00edsla tvrdosti, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed odolnost materi\u00e1lu proti vtisku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-0b6f0a98-7fd8-40d7-a1f2-e4c8d88d5bc7\"><strong>V\u00fdhody<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-ca5dca08-575d-449a-924f-56079e99bcd0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vhodn\u00e9 pro hodnocen\u00ed m\u011bk\u010d\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je m\u011b\u010f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 a cenov\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky u v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vzork\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-7e9c921c-6e98-43aa-bf09-b34baf014e89\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-fe38e983-1700-47fb-b8bf-00c6de8f97f2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pro drobn\u00e9 nebo tenk\u00e9 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vzorky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 ne\u017e jin\u00e9 techniky (nap\u0159. Vickersova metoda).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d164ddbc-c76f-452a-968a-3b76487ee75b\">Tento postup je schv\u00e1len r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi normami a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v <strong>z\u00e1vodech na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bdi<\/strong> k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stejnorodosti materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-ec4f26a5-2721-40f7-ac3e-147230aae119\"><strong>Vickersova zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\" id=\"block-1907d65d-01d6-499b-94aa-922346eb1f57\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Vickers-Hardness-Test.jpg\" alt=\"Vickers Hardness Test\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-e98bff7a-889d-482b-ae09-e2324deda431\">Vickersova zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti je jedn\u00edm z nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postup\u016f zkou\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti, zejm\u00e9na pro stanoven\u00ed tvrdosti mal\u00fdch nebo tenk\u00fdch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch vzork\u016f. P\u0159i t\u00e9to zkou\u0161ce se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 diamantov\u00fd pyramidov\u00fd indentor, kter\u00fd na povrchu materi\u00e1lu zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 drobn\u00fd otisk. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na p\u0159esnost, zejm\u00e9na u tenk\u00fdch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch f\u00f3li\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-b59a303d-bb11-4487-af1e-b6a293c4fd0e\"><strong>Jak to funguje u m\u011bdi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-b317e8be-8b2d-4a10-a24d-dfc60f53465d\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vlivem p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9 s\u00edly se do m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho povrchu zatla\u010d\u00ed koso\u010dtvercov\u00fd jehlan se \u010dtvercovou z\u00e1kladnou.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vickersovo \u010d\u00edslo tvrdosti (VHN) se ur\u010d\u00ed zm\u011b\u0159en\u00edm velikosti vtisku pod mikroskopem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0159i pot\u0159eb\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tenk\u00fdch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch plech\u016f nebo povlak\u016f je tato zkou\u0161ka velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-03fad2cc-968a-4384-a659-0c18b2a733cc\"><strong>V\u00fdhody<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-d1f0d480-9052-4ad9-b80a-8bb0e7bde4b5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Extr\u00e9mn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 a precizn\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pro mal\u00e9 nebo tenk\u00e9 vzorky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mezi materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 lze pou\u017e\u00edt, pat\u0159\u00ed slitiny m\u011bdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-987d5725-a264-4c18-8ed0-811950a435a6\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-e87671da-4b74-45b5-8d6c-ea2c63e0b7b8\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed diamantov\u00e9 indentory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vy\u017eaduje ur\u010dit\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a znalosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-addf157f-2768-4349-bec8-d51aceb6dc3f\">Vickersova zkou\u0161ka se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v odd\u011blen\u00edch kontroly kvality a ve v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch v odv\u011btv\u00edch, kde je p\u0159esnost nezbytn\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b elektroniky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-9eeea349-26c8-41cc-9e3b-f0a60d751c6e\"><strong>Zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti podle Rockwella<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-57e10375-e3af-4119-a185-343b7b20752d\">V pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch se Rockwellova zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke stanoven\u00ed tvrdosti kov\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011bdi. Zkou\u0161ka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v zatla\u010den\u00ed indentoru do materi\u00e1lu p\u0159i p\u0159edem nastaven\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 Rockwellovy stupnice, ale u m\u011bdi se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stupnice Rockwell B (HRB). Norma ASTM E18 doporu\u010duje tento postup pro zkou\u0161en\u00ed ne\u017eelezn\u00fdch kov\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-14fdb5d4-f8be-476a-969a-ba4db64f856e\"><strong>Jak to funguje u m\u011bdi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-cff22f32-478d-49ea-8df6-d15a94504c0d\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ocelov\u00fd kuli\u010dkov\u00fd indentor se vtla\u010d\u00ed do m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho vzorku s p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hloubka vtisku se okam\u017eit\u011b zm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a pou\u017eije se k v\u00fdpo\u010dtu Rockwellova \u010d\u00edsla tvrdosti (HRB).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zkou\u0161ka se prov\u00e1d\u00ed rychle a nevy\u017eaduje p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vtisku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-e960ae82-1141-4fbd-ae57-94efa1bbd0d7\"><strong>V\u00fdhody<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-d35b4164-8333-4d90-b25c-678e22e123c0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rychl\u00e9 a jednoduch\u00e9 proveden\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160iroce se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pr\u016fmyslu a umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00fd odhad tvrdosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-517c662a-f00d-440d-97e4-fe7da44ba6ad\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-05e67065-2044-400e-8e39-9575016da39c\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pro m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed kovy, jako je m\u011b\u010f, jsou m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 ne\u017e Vickersova metoda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stupnice Rockwell B nen\u00ed obvykle spolehliv\u00e1 pro extr\u00e9mn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-3618a10f-3b3f-43b5-946e-78ab84e86b26\">Tento p\u0159\u00edstup se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve velkos\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b k rychl\u00e9 kontrole tvrdosti materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00e1 zaru\u010duje, \u017ee m\u011b\u010f je vhodn\u00e1 pro velk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed operace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-c2c19a4d-265b-47d2-a0cf-fb6c157c1faa\"><strong>Knoopova zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-5c48055c-a6b8-4a5c-a420-9c04daedc009\">Dal\u0161\u00ed metodou zalo\u017eenou na diamantu je Knoopova zkou\u0161ka tvrdosti, kter\u00e1 se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro velmi tenk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nebo povlaky. Knoopova zkou\u0161ka pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 podlouhl\u00fd pyramidov\u00fd indentor, kter\u00fd je vhodn\u00fd pro hodnocen\u00ed tvrdosti mal\u00fdch, jemn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako jsou m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 f\u00f3lie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ff02d7ca-f0a4-44dd-8f20-525db54ee4e3\"><strong>Jak to funguje u m\u011bdi<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-9a4594f2-4aa6-41d7-b545-a5d00578e635\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Do povrchu m\u011bdi se zatla\u010d\u00ed podlouhl\u00fd koso\u010dtvercov\u00fd diamantov\u00fd hrot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Knoopovo \u010d\u00edslo tvrdosti (KHN) se stanov\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm d\u00e9lky v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho vtisku pod mikroskopem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-a3726108-7822-47da-be1f-33484329ed14\"><strong>V\u00fdhody<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-060396f1-5247-4980-8fd1-8d4f2ea2ebf2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159esnost pro mal\u00e9 a tenk\u00e9 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 vzorky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed drobn\u00fdch vzork\u016f nebo povlak\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-fc6cad9f-c524-4c1a-8390-cd326edf138e\"><strong>Omezen\u00ed<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-98540fea-79bc-4eb2-8475-2faa9bae0816\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pot\u0159ebuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trv\u00e1 d\u00e9le a je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-17880be5-45ce-449c-a56a-9dcc1cc3d8d8\">Tato technika se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdzkumu v oblasti materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u011bd, kdy\u017e je nutn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed v mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, proto\u017ee je p\u0159esn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-107cecc8-17cf-444d-accc-23e1208056c8\"><strong>Jak prov\u00e9st test tvrdosti m\u011bdi doma (nebo v z\u00e1kladn\u00ed laborato\u0159i)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-c9db0182-7023-4fd1-9a04-97a08ab4ff2b\">M\u00e9n\u011b komplikovanou metodu m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce prov\u00e9st jednoduch\u00fd test tvrdosti m\u011bdi doma nebo na mal\u00e9m pracovi\u0161ti. Piln\u00edkov\u00fd test, kter\u00fd poskytuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd odhad tvrdosti m\u011bdi, bude hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem t\u00e9to diskuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-1fea43c5-5e3f-4fd7-ab46-16f5ada0f28f\"><strong>Piln\u00edkov\u00e1 zkou\u0161ka nebo zkou\u0161ka po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00edm<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-c8dcb968-78d7-472d-9468-9f9e7a9829ed\">Tento jednoduch\u00fd test spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho povrchu kovov\u00fdm piln\u00edkem, aby se zjistilo, jak snadno lze m\u011b\u010f ozna\u010dit. K po\u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e u m\u011bk\u010d\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-23d556dd-b58b-4cfa-b61b-7c72da73eade\"><strong>Postup<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol id=\"block-aa7f57ef-1319-4b76-bbb9-d9b252830f8a\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zvolte kovov\u00fd piln\u00edk, kter\u00fd je tvrd\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e m\u011b\u010f (nap\u0159. ocel).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokuste se po\u0161kr\u00e1bat povrch m\u011bdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sledujte, jak snadno piln\u00edk zanech\u00e1v\u00e1 stopy:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pokud piln\u00edk snadno po\u0161kr\u00e1be m\u011b\u010f, je m\u011b\u010f relativn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pokud se \u0161kr\u00e1bance vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b, je m\u011b\u010f tvrd\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-65aac1de-a4a1-4bb0-a5dd-6e095026a530\"><strong>Interpretace v\u00fdsledk\u016f zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti m\u011bdi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-b9e3a574-d3db-4873-9987-0e5efa9daabd\">\u010c\u00edsla z\u00edskan\u00e1 ze zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed odolnost materi\u00e1lu proti vtisku. U m\u011bdi se tyto hodnoty mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na pou\u017eit\u00e9 metod\u011b. Zde je stru\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vod k interpretaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-1031c765-2eb8-42d8-b10f-1aa0229cb2e0\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Brinellovo \u010d\u00edslo tvrdosti (BHN<\/strong>) : M\u011b\u010f se obvykle pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed <strong>35 a\u017e 70 BHN<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vickersovo \u010d\u00edslo tvrdosti (VHN<\/strong>) : M\u011b\u010f se obvykle pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed <strong>30 a\u017e 70 VHN<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rockwellova stupnice B (HRB)<\/strong>: Tvrdost m\u011bdi se obvykle pohybuje mezi <strong>40 a 60 HRB<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-053b33d5-a2ea-481a-b683-049b4f723ef8\"><strong>Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledky zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti m\u011bdi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-f908bd1e-fd90-49d2-ae2f-101a3f20e15f\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Slitina m\u011bdi<\/strong>: Slitiny m\u011bdi, jako je mosaz nebo bronz, maj\u00ed v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010distou m\u011bd\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 stupn\u011b tvrdosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava<\/strong>: Drsn\u00fd povrch m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nep\u0159esn\u00fdm ode\u010dt\u016fm, proto je nezbytn\u00e9 povrch \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b p\u0159ipravit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda<\/strong>: Zvolen\u00e1 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metoda ovlivn\u00ed p\u0159esnost v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-99e12753-6be8-42ae-870b-d64677c442c2\"><strong>B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 chyby, kter\u00fdch je t\u0159eba se vyvarovat<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-568bcadf-3319-4e32-9ab0-b18626877822\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nespr\u00e1vn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava povrchu<\/strong>: Pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky se ujist\u011bte, \u017ee je m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd povrch hladk\u00fd a \u010dist\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Volba nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 zku\u0161ebn\u00ed metody<\/strong>: Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee jste zvolili vhodnou zkou\u0161ku pro tlou\u0161\u0165ku vzorku m\u011bdi a jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed kalibrace<\/strong>: Pravideln\u00e1 kalibrace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tvrdosti je nezbytn\u00e1 pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esnosti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-7aa968ad-7887-4adb-94a1-3251711c05a6\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zkou\u0161en\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a zaru\u010den\u00ed jej\u00ed p\u0159ijatelnosti pro r\u016fzn\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pomoc\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho postupu m\u016f\u017eete vyhodnotit vlastnosti m\u011bdi a zajistit, aby spl\u0148ovala p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria. A\u0165 u\u017e pracujete ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, nebo se v\u011bnujete projekt\u016fm pro kutily, zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed tvrdosti m\u011bdi je nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdb\u011br spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u011b\u010f je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd kov. M\u011b\u010f je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vodivosti a odolnosti v\u016f\u010di korozi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro elektroinstalaci a vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed. Zkou\u0161ky tvrdosti jsou nezbytn\u00e9 k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby m\u011b\u010f spl\u0148ovala v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed specifikace aplikace. Tvrdost m\u011bdi ovliv\u0148uje jej\u00ed trvanlivost, obrobitelnost a ekologick\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jak posoudit tvrdost m\u011bdi, pro\u010d je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, a p\u0159esn\u00fdmi metodami m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Tito odborn\u00edci na materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy maj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e desetilet\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s metalurgi\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized-cs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jak otestovat tvrdost m\u011bdi? - ChansMachining<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chansmachining.com\/cs\/how-to-test-the-hardness-of-copper\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak otestovat tvrdost m\u011bdi? - ChansMachining\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u011b\u010f je univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd kov. 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